Well, at the end of the day it was a clearance event that made the decision easier. It just so happened that the wheel on clearance, the Enkei Racing RP03 offers the best combination of strength (1530lb rated capacity) and weight (17.9 in 17x8).
Here is what I learned, in brief.
Basically, there are three groups of wheels other than OEM.
Assorted wheels like the good-looking Sparco. No matter how they look, these wheels are no rally wheels. They are cheap, gravity-cast even when, like Sparco, the design is by a top manufacturer (OZ in this case). People race even on Tire Rack Sport Edition wheels, which are reputed to be among the softest. But they buy them bulk, LOL. Just because someone races on them and likes them does not mean they are proper, that is, really tough, "rally" wheels. Low load capacity, low tech, and production in factories that are run who knows how.
Then there are the offroad rally wheels. Now the Method 501/2 is becoming quite popular. The Method MR501/2 is a rally wheel apparently designed for Subaru. It is low-pressure cast, Made in China, but good and strong. It is a great value and looks awesome, but it is nothing special. In comparison, Braid Winrace T and Fullrace T 4x4 wheels weigh 25-28 even with flow forming for the Fullrace T vs 24 w/o flow forming for the Method. I can see no way the Method is as tough. However, the toughness of the Braid T wheels is, in turn, of no use to me. We are talking trucks doing Paris Dakar here. This is really the definition of overkill. And what good are tough wheels if, in result, one breaks the suspension rather than the wheel?
Finally, there are the high-tech "racing" wheels that use flow forming and other technologies to provide really light (under 18lb) yet strong wheels the rims of which have essentially the properties of forged ones. Since they come from the top manufacturers like Enkei and OZ, these wheels are subjected to rigorous testing. For example, all OZ wheels are said to meet TUV requirements. The Enkei racing are independently tested to the JWL standards and are tested in-house to higher standards than that. The Braid Fullrace A fall in the same category, these are commonly used on European tarmac rally circuits on lighter vehicles.
However, although my needs are nothing like those of people who do stage rally, among those lightweight "racing" wheels only the Enkei come close to the supposed Outback OEM wheel rating (1530 vs 1600-1650 lb). Since that rating applies to models as different as RPF1 and RP03, I assume that 1530 is the common denominator for the series with the slightly heavier RP03 probably a bit stronger than the RPF1 (and it does feature far beefier spokes).
This leads to my final point. Load ratings are not determined by an independent agency but by the manufacturer. Only TUV and VIA certified JWL wheels are tested independently. Therefore, it is not certain that when one compares a 1340 Sparco to a 1530 Enkei to a 1850 Method one is really working with the same metric.