PigSti
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Car battery revival | desulphation
https://www.thebackshed.org/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=2979&PN=1&TPN=3
Sulphation, or lead acid crystal build-up on your battery plates is by far the most common cause of battery failure, accounting for 84% of batteries according to the Battery Council International. We therefore junk our batteries long before the end of their designed lifespan.
Even the so called deep cycle batteries sold now will die quickly if regularly discharged below 50%. In the old days we had huge 2 volt cells that where made to be discharged to 80% but they had enough lead in them o make a cannon ball not like the new ones now. When discharged to that level they required recharging right away not to be left for any period of time at a low charge level, as the sulphate starts to form a insulating crystalline layer on the plate reducing the conductance of the plate a bit like resistance in series, this reduces the active area of the plate resulting in lower AH capacity and as time progresses it blocks conduction altogether, that's what sulphation is.
Desulphator Battery Life Span Optimisation
Optimise your battery life span for up to 3 times! Saves money & the environment.
Sulphation, or lead acid crystal buildup on your battery plates is by far the most common cause of battery failure, accounting for 84% of batteries according to the Battery Council International. We therefore junk our batteries long before the end of their designed lifespan. The desulphator battery 'Life Optimiser' prevents sulphation on your battery and removes the existing lead sulfate crystals on the plates, ensuring a battery with maximum lifespan and optimum performance. This desulphation process can double or triple your battery life span.
How Batteries Die From Sulphation
Stage 1: Spongy Sulphation
• Lead sulphate is still in spongy form.
• Can be converted back to lead, lead dioxide and water when the battery is charged.
• Very low internal impedance (usually < 8 mΩ).
Stage 2: Barrier Sulphation
• Covalent bonds form and small crystals start to appear on lead plates.
• Higher internal impedance than Spongy Sulphation.
• May not be able to crank a car.
Stage 3: Crystallised Sulphation
• Large crystals with very strong bonds form on the lead plates.
• Very little surface area where chemical reactions can take place.
• Very high internal impedance.
• Battery can no longer crank a car.
How Desulphators work
As automobiles are usually parked longer than they're being driven, the batteries are left discharging for longer periods of time than when they are being charged.
Charging: 2PbSO4 + 2H20 → Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4
Discharging: Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 → 2PbSO4 + 2H20
This causes water and lead sulphate (PbSO4) to form at a faster rate than it can be reconverted back to lead, lead dioxide and water. Lead sulphate that's left sitting, originally spongy, will eventually crystallise. Once in crystal form, the lead sulphated cannot be reconverted, even when the battery is being charged. This causes a reduction in active material (the lead and lead dioxide) and surface area where chemical reaction takes place. Eventually, the battery will no longer have the capability to supply enough cranking current to start a car. This process, also known as sulphation, is the main cause why batteries fail prematurely!
Desulphators generates Amplitude Modulated Pulses (AMP) at the resonance frequency of the crystals to shatter the covalent bonds that hold it together. This allows the lead sulphate to be reconverted once the battery is charged. A battery free from lead sulphate crystals will have its life span stretched to its maximum! No more premature failure due to sulphation!
---------------------------
Excellent external links to seek expert advice:
https://www.thebackshed.org/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=2979&PN=1&TPN=3
Sulphation, or lead acid crystal build-up on your battery plates is by far the most common cause of battery failure, accounting for 84% of batteries according to the Battery Council International. We therefore junk our batteries long before the end of their designed lifespan.
Even the so called deep cycle batteries sold now will die quickly if regularly discharged below 50%. In the old days we had huge 2 volt cells that where made to be discharged to 80% but they had enough lead in them o make a cannon ball not like the new ones now. When discharged to that level they required recharging right away not to be left for any period of time at a low charge level, as the sulphate starts to form a insulating crystalline layer on the plate reducing the conductance of the plate a bit like resistance in series, this reduces the active area of the plate resulting in lower AH capacity and as time progresses it blocks conduction altogether, that's what sulphation is.
Desulphator Battery Life Span Optimisation
Optimise your battery life span for up to 3 times! Saves money & the environment.
Sulphation, or lead acid crystal buildup on your battery plates is by far the most common cause of battery failure, accounting for 84% of batteries according to the Battery Council International. We therefore junk our batteries long before the end of their designed lifespan. The desulphator battery 'Life Optimiser' prevents sulphation on your battery and removes the existing lead sulfate crystals on the plates, ensuring a battery with maximum lifespan and optimum performance. This desulphation process can double or triple your battery life span.
How Batteries Die From Sulphation
Stage 1: Spongy Sulphation
• Lead sulphate is still in spongy form.
• Can be converted back to lead, lead dioxide and water when the battery is charged.
• Very low internal impedance (usually < 8 mΩ).
Stage 2: Barrier Sulphation
• Covalent bonds form and small crystals start to appear on lead plates.
• Higher internal impedance than Spongy Sulphation.
• May not be able to crank a car.
Stage 3: Crystallised Sulphation
• Large crystals with very strong bonds form on the lead plates.
• Very little surface area where chemical reactions can take place.
• Very high internal impedance.
• Battery can no longer crank a car.
How Desulphators work
As automobiles are usually parked longer than they're being driven, the batteries are left discharging for longer periods of time than when they are being charged.
Charging: 2PbSO4 + 2H20 → Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4
Discharging: Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 → 2PbSO4 + 2H20
This causes water and lead sulphate (PbSO4) to form at a faster rate than it can be reconverted back to lead, lead dioxide and water. Lead sulphate that's left sitting, originally spongy, will eventually crystallise. Once in crystal form, the lead sulphated cannot be reconverted, even when the battery is being charged. This causes a reduction in active material (the lead and lead dioxide) and surface area where chemical reaction takes place. Eventually, the battery will no longer have the capability to supply enough cranking current to start a car. This process, also known as sulphation, is the main cause why batteries fail prematurely!
Desulphators generates Amplitude Modulated Pulses (AMP) at the resonance frequency of the crystals to shatter the covalent bonds that hold it together. This allows the lead sulphate to be reconverted once the battery is charged. A battery free from lead sulphate crystals will have its life span stretched to its maximum! No more premature failure due to sulphation!
---------------------------
Excellent external links to seek expert advice:
Code:
https://www.exploroz.com/Forum/Topic/94737/Which_Ctek_Charger.aspx
https://blog.hasslberger.com/2007/01/how_to_convert_a_lead_ac id_bat.html
https://www.powerstream.com/1922/battery_1922_WITTE/batteryfi les/chapter17.htm
https://ysuusy.com/Lead_Acid_Car_Battery_Repair.html
https://www.batterydoctors.com/tech.html
https://members.optusnet.com.au/~weza/ReBuildingBatteries.htm
https://www.diyelectriccar.com/forums/showthread.php?s=9231d6 360d46aeff1fc79c0ff0839808&t=30603
https://www.goodideacreative.com/battery_bg_contents.html
https://www.powerstream.com/1922-FLA.htm
https://www.infinitumstore.com
https://www.thebackshed.org/forum/uploads/Bub73/2012-03-20_011702_pc_rejuvenate_gelcell_2.pdf
https://www.howtodothings.com/how-to-refurbish-car-batteries
https://wiki.answers.com/Q/Can_epsom_salt_regenerate_12v_car_ battery
https://www.ironcorebatteries.com.au/page5.php
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